Philosophical outlooks and polemics between herbert marcuse

INTRODUCTIONThe middle of XX century marked new era in the western philosophy: shaping of modern mass culture, aftersounds of the second World War, growing opposition between socialistic and capitalistic regimes caused emergence of a so-called â€Å"second crisis† in a western social philosophy. The brightest representatives of that time philosophical paradigm were German American philosopher Herbert Marcuse, an offspring of a well-known â€Å"Frankfurt school† and native American philosopher Norman Oliver Brown.They represented two different approaches in social philosophy. Being a witness of German people’s struggles during Nazi regime Marcuse formed his outlook as a leftist philosopher and sociologist becoming a partisan of a â€Å"Freudian-Marxist† philosophy. Pessimistic perspectives of Norman Brown on the contrary determined his â€Å"apocalyptical mystical† outlooks. These philosophical approaches of two brightest scientists of the last centu ry need to be compared and contrasted.MAIN DISCUSSIONDuring the 1960s the philosophical debates between H. Marcuse and N. Brown concerning interpretation of Freudian ideas made a serious impact on the development of social philosophy. As J. Chytry (Chytry, 1989) believes, Norman Brown's and Herbert Marcuse's interpretations of Freud â€Å"seemed to point to meaningful, and opposed, orientations for the New Left [a new paradigm in social sciences during middle XX century]. During this period of time Freud, as many scientists believe, appeared as the successor to a ‘superannuated’, but not yet surpassed, Marxist project (Zaretsky, 2002). This discussion of Freudian ideas also influenced interpretations of aesthetics, culture and politics.In the middle of XX century both Marcuse and Brown developed own vision of Freudian ideas in a general philosophical and cultural context Two books of two philosophers written in the 1950's are captivating explorations of Freud's outlook s and the implications of psychoanalytical ideas of sexuality on human freedom. Herbert Marcuse’s â€Å"Eros and Civilization†, published first focused on the role of sexuality in forming of modern civilization and humans.The second is â€Å"Life Against Death† by Norman O. Brown who developed Freudian idea of suppression and applied it to the general civilization’s context. Generalizing the main ideas of two examinations it’s necessary to mention that both authors focused on remedial therapeutic strategies able to cure diseased society of XX century infected by revolutionary ideas, aggression, intolerance etc. Orthodox psychoanalysis as both Brown and Marcuse believed suggests society a principle of reality and ethics of survival. The logics of this survival they, however, see in different manners. In a word, they stood on different psychological positions according to which society exists.The polemics between Marcuse and Brown wasn’t liter ally a virtual one. Being close friends they often criticized philosophical outlooks of one another afterwards. Nevertheless that both philosophers were troubled with the same idea to help pinched society the visions of such help were different. Marcuse believed in the primacy of progress and technique that is to replace out of time relationships between people. Brown on the contrary believed in palliative imaginative escape from the problems. With this one should define the main doctrines of two philosophers: Marcuse stood on the ideas of rationality while Brown, in his turn, looked for imaginative escape from the reality.Norman Brown believed that repressed sexuality of people appears the primary reason for their aggression. To avoid aggressiveness of people Brown suggests his idea of â€Å"polymorphous perversity† believing that each person and every part of the body are to be used in all-round sexual play (Myers, 2004). Brown fully supports Freud’s idea of unconsci ousness and develops it quite logically. He believed that psychoanalytical mechanism of suppression serves negative function for people provoking their intolerance and aggression. Instead, Brown voted for transformation of subliminal ideas to rational ones.As far as Eros is the primary subliminal drive of people Brown suggests to â€Å"construct an erotic sense of reality† that means to realize people’s implicit sexual desires. A primary goal of society, observing Brown is to establish chaos or anarchy where all people are free from anger and realize their sexual ambitions. Marcuse, however, believed that freedom could be achieved through transformation of technology writing that: â€Å"Freedom indeed depends largely on technical progress, on the advancement of science†.To achieve this freedom Marcuse votes for the necessity of technological changes in accordance with the new sensible demands of the life instincts. â€Å"Then, according to Marcuse, one could sp eak of a technology of liberation, product of a scientific imagination free to project and design the forms of a human universe without exploitation and toil† (Marcuse, 1966, p. 19).The Freudian Marxist Herbert Marcuse also inspired by Freudian symbolism believed in its crucial role in social and political contexts. He believed that revolutions, anger, freedom etc. are nothing more than symbolic ideas, objectives and events that have their roots in repressed people’s sexual energy. Nevertheless, on the contrast to Brown Marcuse saw final goal of the society in establishing of Marxist society where all people will finally be socially equal.These ideas are closely interrelated with further Marcuse’s ideas of â€Å"One-dimensional men†. Marcuse, along with Marxists blames free market and private property for all man's economic and social ills. He believes that these ills can be cured only by the abolition of private property. Brown in his turn believed that h armony means love and devotedness being, hence, more close in his ideas to Christian and Buddhist theologies.While Brown called for establishment of a new chaotic society Marcuse developed own vision of changes. He called for the alteration of the very fundamentals of society that would be modified by the elimination of class society.Suggesting himself more rational approach to Freudian interpretation Marcuse believed that Brown’s ideas completely contrast with practice: he   recognized Brown's mad monism to be powerless to bring about political and social improvement. Marcuse did not believe it possible to replace technology with some sort of mystical unity of man and nature. He, besides, considered that Freudian ideas fail in helping of people’s adjustment to society. With this Marcuse was closer to Freud himself who was also pessimistic about achieving long-term benefits for society in general through psychoanalysis.Brown, in his turn, was looking for different ps ychoanalytically based solutions for people’s harmony. He believed that to reduce man to â€Å"nothingness† (a chaos) is to find a best â€Å"solution† to society’s and people’s deepest problem, i.e. social existence. Brown believed that to achieve long-lasting social harmony people are to forget of their superiority over other creature that, according to Freud, leads to serious mental neuroses. According to Brown, when the idea of power and domination first emerged it appeared a reason for all problems. Marcuse, in his turn also supported this idea of people’s drive to the power as a strong reason for social problems and aggressions between people and nations.Marcuse, voting for rationality in society’s development strongly objected Brown’s belief in schizophrenia as a normal state of a person. He considered the idea that schizophrenia should be in any sense a model for normal human behavior to be ludicrous. Contrasting Brownà ¢â‚¬â„¢s ideas of social escapism Marcuse believed that people could achieve social progress and harmony through reality and clear definition of existing problems. Escape from the reality, observing Marcuse, is not a solution at all; instead, it will lead to furthermore social and political problems.Critically speaking, Brown’s ideas don’t look so Utopian. Voting for living without repressions Brown shows society a possible solution to achieve harmonic development. This solution lies in self-denial and abnegation of people necessary to make them more tolerable and loyal to the others. Marcuse instead believed that self-denial is not a solution at all.The only working remedy that could cure ill society and make it indeed multi-dimensional (where all people will finally achieve their individuality and will not identify themselves with the state) is revolution. The only force that could make this revolution is lumpen proletarians. Illustrating these philosophic ideas in a more free manner one could say that Brown anticipated Hippy’s movement with their motto â€Å"All you need is love† while Marcuse on the contrary was a partisan of â€Å"International† and â€Å"Marseillaise†.Marcuse criticized Brown’s ideas of self-expression saying that there’s no sense to to try to turn the assembly line into a scene of self-expression, or to broadcast propaganda for culture and free thought. To achieve final self-expression of people it’s necessary, observing Marcuse, to change technological rationality itself, make it more â€Å"people-centered† and friendly.Critically observing Freudian ideas of â€Å"Id†, â€Å"Ego† and â€Å"Superego† Marcuse came to the conclusion that the only way to conciliate people and nations is to conciliate people’s rationality and irrationality. When rationality contrasts Eros, Marcuse believed, people establish the culture that is adverse to human nature and represses people permanently. A perfect illustrations of the struggle between rationality and repressed Eros, according to Marcuse are World Wars that were the results of people’s aggression.Being a partisan of technological progress Marcuse at the same time appealed to the aesthetic experience as a new locus of technological values. With this, he believed, people could finally become close with the nature and achieve peace, freedom, and fulfillment into the construction of technological rationality.CONCLUSIONSIn the middle of XX century philosophy focused on reinterpretation of Freudian psychoanalytical ideas. Herbert Marcuse and Norman Brown each developed personal vision of the issue. Reconsidering Freud’s ideas of unconsciousness and focusing in the problem of repression they, nevertheless, pointed out different solutions necessary to make society more harmonic and free. While Marcuse concentrated on technological breakthrough in accordance with peopleâ €™s deep demands, Brown believed in complete abolishment of technology and called for anarchy in people’s relationships.REFERENCES Brown, Norman O. (1985) Life Against Death. Middleton. CN: Weslayan University Press. Second Edition. 1985.Chytry, Josef (1989). The Aesthetic State: A Quest in Modern German Thought Berkeley: University of California Press.Marcuse, Herbert. (1966). Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud. Beacon Press.Myers, Ellen (2004). Forerunner of New Age Madness: A Critique of Norman O. Brown On-line article retrieved July, 23 from http://www.creationism.org/csshs/v13n1p07.htmZaretsky, Eli. (2003) â€Å"Norman O. Brown, 1913-2003† Radical Philosophy, Issue 118.

Reading Books and Using Computers Essay

Reading books can take us to any places and time. Just read and let your imagination explore. It also can give us further knowledge to the things that surrounds us. And it help us in our comprehension, practices our fluency, and many others. It can also tour us to the Egypt, Greece, Spain and many place here on earth without wasting money, and energy. It also takes us beyond the outer space, galaxies, meteors, stars and throughout the universe with no needing of rocket. And lastly, it let us meet Romeo & Juliet, Achilles, Julius Caesar, Cleopatra, and of course our God and savior Jesus Christ. All information about them is come from books. We will never know them without the books. Some of them maybe real and others may be just a tale. Book is really our friend; it could take us, meet people we desire. But nowadays, because reading books is boring and you have to read for almost a week or month, students today are so lazy to that and they always have the speech of â€Å"it’s a waste of time†. Indeed, students treat their books as their enemy and just remember them when they have an exam or quizzes. It’s so sad that books had almost been forgotten by students that became friends by their ancestors once. see more:essays on computers Using Computer is widely practice today’s generation. It is almost needed in the society. You can also be called an illiterate when you don’t know how to use it, because even a 7 years old kid can use the computer. Computer is easy to use, reliable, fast, and consume a short period of time. And today you don’t need to have to read a book for almost a week and widen your imagination to know the content of the story, by just internet and a â€Å"YouTube† website, and a click you could watch your desired novel instantly. With moving, speaking, singing, dancing, fighting, and many others action that books cannot do. That’s why students are interested in using computer because of its colorful and attractive features that very appealing to generation of students today. As far today 3D is the most high tech feature that produce by computers which is the reason why student almost forget the books already. And you could finish the novel for only 2 – 3 hours and have enough time to spend it with your love ones or your hubby. Also, you can direct search information rather than in the books. And lastly it can let you communicate to the people in other countries, to your families, friends, or not. Computers are widely needed by each in every one of us. Not to follow the â€Å"new fashion line† we can say. But, not to be left by today’s life and â€Å"rules† especially in applying a job that mostly all job require knowledge in using computers and can have the power to compete to the world. Books and Computers are both helpful to our life and living. They are both source of information that helps us know the things we wanted to know. They give information, give more knowledge and help us to satisfy our curiosity. They are both take us to the other places here in the world and to the stars in the universe and to the place we only see in our dreams. Indeed they are both needed and have to be needed. But, lately as the world innovate to high tech world, that it’s like â€Å"life is just a click†, books have been forgotten and keep dusty in the library, while computers had been more needed by the society. Library was very quite not just because of its policy â€Å"Keep Quite† but there are no one there except the staff or the librarian. While internet cafà © were so hot, noisy and overcrowded. This study had been conducted to know the best and effective source of information between computers and books. And, the common reasons behind it. And lastly, to know why this phenomena is happening in our society, world and universe today. Objectives: 1. To enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of reading books and using computers. 2. To know the effective one between books and computer. 3. To know which students prefer between books and computers as their source of information. Hypothesis: 1. Reading books will have so many advantages with no disadvantages, while using computer will have more advantages than books but with many disadvantages too. 2. The effective one is using computer because its fast, easy, reliable and consume only a short period of time rather than books. 3. The effective one is using computer because of its multi-purposes and uses that are effective to the learning of the student. Significance/Importance of the Study This study may be useful to the following: School Administrators. The result of this study may be used by school administrator to know what kind of source information the teacher and the school staff that may use for a better and effective teaching. Teachers. The study might help the teacher enhance their chosen technique in teaching so that they will deliver their lesson to student clearly and understandable. School Librarians. This research might help the librarian facilitate will the library as the source of effective and reliable room of information through books and computer with internet. Students. This study will let students know the importance of books and computer, their advantages and disadvantages so that they may limit their self to use them, and to know the kind of source of information they will use in a specific problem. Parents. The Parents will likewise be benefited from the result of the study in a way that they can guide their children for using a such information in the right time and place, and give limit them when they over using it. Future Researchers. The results of this study will give the future researchers the basis of their own research in using computer and reading books. And how both source of information help us. Definitions of Terms Source of Information Comprehension Internet Website Fluency Scope and Delimitation This is an experimental study of selected 30 first year college students of Capiz State University Poblacion Campus during the school year 2012 – 2013.

Stock Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Stock Analysis - Research Paper Example The earnings per share (EPS) of the company are 5.08 and the company’s internal growth rate is expected to be 14.994%. The company’s sales and revenues are expected to grow at 5.00% and 7.80% respectively. Target is the second largest retailer in United States following Walmart. For the year ending 2012, the company has reported a net profit of US$ 2.93 billion from total sales of US$ 69.865 billion. The company’s operating profit for the year ending 2012 was over US$ 4.56 billion. The total assets and equity of the company as on Jan 2013 are US$ 46.63 billion and US$ 15.82 billion respectively. The company’s stocks are currently trading at $69.59 as on June 13, 2013. For the previous fiscal, the company paid dividends at rate 0.36. The EPS of the company are 4.26 which is less than that of Walmart. The company’s sales and revenues are expected to grow at 4.90% and 2.40% respectively. Kroger is the second largest retailer of United States in terms o f revenues. For the year ending 2012, the company has reported a net profit of US$ 602 million from total sales of US$ 90.35 billion. The company’s operating profit for the year ending 2012 was over US$ 1.27 billion. The total assets and equity of the company as on Jan 2013 are US$ 23.47 billion and US$ 3.98 billion respectively. The company’s stocks are currently trading at $ 35.06 as on June 13, 2013. ... Liquidity Ratios          Current Ratio 0.89 0.88 0.83 Quick Ratio 0.21 0.2 0.2 B. Efficiency Ratios          Days Sales Outstanding 3.99 4.5 4.94 Days Inventory 40.22 41.95 43.76 Payables Period 37.05 38.21 38.67 Cash Conversion Cycle 7.16 8.24 10.03 Receivables Turnover 91.38 81.07 73.85 Inventory Turnover 9.08 8.7 8.34 Fixed Assets Turnover 4.01 4.06 4.1 C. Profitability Ratios          Tax Rate % 32.2 32.56 31.01 Net Margin % 3.89 3.51 3.62 Asset Turnover (Average) 2.4 2.39 2.37 Return on Assets % 9.33 8.39 8.57 Financial Leverage (Average) 2.64 2.71 2.66 Return on Equity % 23.53 22.45 23.02 Return on Invested Capital % 12.92 11.63 12.1 TARGET RATIOS 2011 2012 2013 A. Liquidity Ratios          Current Ratio 1.71 1.15 1.17 Quick Ratio 0.78 0.47 0.06 B. Efficiency Ratios          Days Sales Outstanding 35.53 31.56 14.76 Days Inventory 57.88 58.61 56.58 Payables Period 51.46 50.94 49.75 Cash Conversion Cycle 41.95 39.23 21.58 Receivables Turnover 10.27 11.57 24.73 Inventory Turnover 6.31 6.23 6.45 Fixed Assets Turnover 2.65 2.56 2.45 C. Profitability Ratios          Tax Rate % 35.04 34.27 34.93 Net Margin % 4.33 4.19 4.09 Asset Turnover (Average) 1.53 1.55 1.55 Return on Assets % 6.62 6.48 6.33 Financial Leverage (Average) 2.82 2.95 2.91 Return on Equity % 18.94 18.71 18.52 Return on Invested Capital % 7.66 7.42 7.53 KROGER RATIOS 2011 2012 2013 A. Liquidity Ratios          Current Ratio 0.94 0.8 0.72 Quick Ratio 0.21 0.21 0.2 B. Efficiency Ratios          Days Sales Outstanding 3.89 3.62 3.77 Days Inventory 28.17 25.73 24.36 Payables Period 23.17 21.84 21.02 Cash Conversion Cycle 8.89 7.51 7.11 Receivables Turnover 93.72 100.75 96.75 Inventory Turnover 12.96 14.19 14.98 Fixed Assets Turnover 5.85 6.32 6.6 C. Profitability Ratios   

American Film I ndustry in 1950s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

American Film I ndustry in 1950s - Essay Example The diversity of Hollywood cinema drastically decreased after the Paramount Decree, moving away from the low-budget films to fewer ones with high budgets. As a result, it is demonstrated further, that the audiences of these low-budget films left the Hollywood cinema, rather than transforming their tastes suddenly to art films. The main argument of this study states that the decline in the production of low-budget movies served as the main reason for the growth of art-houses in the 1950s. The art film theatre phenomenon became commercially feasible in the late 1940s. Art houses featured overseas films, documentaries, self-regulating productions and classic re-releases, chiefly Hollywood. These theatres happened to be small, showed only single feature films, accommodated to mature audiences, and more likely, preferred selling coffee rather than popcorn and other eatables. Most of the main-stream movie theatres lacked at business compared to the Art houses which held films over for long runs comparatively. In addition, along with their entrance to major cities and college towns, the art theatres gained popularity and prevalence amongst masses throughout the 1950s. In accordance to Gomery views, the number of art theatres incremented from 250 to 1,500 between 1950 and 1952, though not all of them were showing art films exclusively (Gomery, 2002). Studies revealed that... They were ardent film-goers who efficaciously utilized other cultural products were more likely to be influenced by the reviews and word of mouth rather than any sort of publicizing or advertising. The supposed search for high quality films was offered for a variety of motives for the art film-goers than those being made by main-stream Hollywood studios. With the commencement of World War II, an interest in more crucial and socially critical appearance opened up for entertainment as well as an increased curiosity about the foreign cultures and conventions rose in the masses. Moreover, with television sets becoming popular in the home and focusing on family fare, motion pictures attempted to put forward to the adult audiences something different, mature, which would motivate them to depart their homes (Maltby, 2003). There are several other factors which led the exhibitors to explore outside the Hollywood Studio system for film products. The ruling that vertical integration of the Hol lywood studios violated anti-trust laws evoked the studios to divorce production and distribution from the exhibition (The Yale Law Journal, 1965). With such a transformation, more and more theatres became self-regulating, restraining the control that the main-stream studios practiced over exhibition by way of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). Self-regulating productions were successful in these aspects because they had the flexibility to locate interesting themes, popular stars and enough finance from the studios which was rather a hit or miss effort with higher rate of menace (Robins, 1933: 103-118). Although, in the year 1942, the MPAA eradicated fines and penalties against theatres which screened movies without Production Code seals, the member companies assured

EASY JET (ONE BUDGET AIRLINE) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EASY JET (ONE BUDGET AIRLINE) - Essay Example Porter's Generic Value Chain can be applied to examine the firm's ability to connect primary value chain activities with support services (Porter, 1998). Easy Jet has made use of both strategies to better advantage in marketing its products. Supplier power refers to the degree of freedom that suppliers have over the firm which buys supplies from them. Easy Jet in particular and the budget airline industry in general have to procure supplies from suppliers in the open market where rules of competition might threaten Easy Jet's own strategic objectives as well as others. For example customer care practices require a host of supplier networks to coordinate every aspect of the marketing process from the time of inquiry to the end of the journey. How Easy Jet would respond and how would the rest of the industry respond to all this, depend on a number of other variables such as the concentration ratios in the supplier industries, the availability of and the degree of dependency on credit, macro-economic variables, e.g. interest and business tax rates and a host of other factors. In the airline industry it's an unwritten rule that the aggregation of strategic supplier networks across a range of ancillary services - e.g. handli ng customers' inquiries to the seat allocation process - would benefit only those airlines which place their products in strategic sub-segments appropriately and immediately. Buyer poweBuyer power is perhaps the most effective force with far reaching consequences for the business that the company has to face. For instance customers of short haul budget airlines carry such weight in the decision making process of the individual airline to such an extent that they can drive prices down if they happen to boycott a certain airline or airlines on the ground that their services are below their expectations. Buyer power has also been studied in the budget airline market segment with reference to price and income elasticities of demand. The European no-frills low cost airline market segment is ruled by the same economic principles but its qualitative shift has brought about a highly articulate population of consumers whose demand for the product at a given time is determined not only by the price and

Mental Health Incident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mental Health Incident - Essay Example The Driscoll model shall be used as the reflection tool for this paper. Body: Driscoll reflective model What? A description of the event The purpose in returning to this situation is to review my actions and to evaluate whether or not these actions were in accordance with the standards of the practice. I also returned to this situation in order to establish areas of improvement and to evaluate how well I performed in the actual clinical setting. During one of my shifts in my mental health placement, I encountered an aggressive patient, who shall be referred to as Mr. Y, in order to protect his identity and maintain patient confidentiality. He was a 22 year old male patient diagnosed recently with schizophrenia. When I first approached him, he was very wary and nervous. I initially introduced myself to him and maintained a comfortable distance of about 4 feet. He was sitting on a stool looking angrily at anyone who approached him. His medication was due and I was tasked with administe ring it. Accompanied by my mentor, I approached the patient, introduced myself and said that his oral medication was due and I was there to help him take it. As I was talking, I noted that he was on the verge of aggression so I kept a safe distance from him. I waited for him to respond, but then he suddenly stood up and tried to lunge at me. I stepped away from him before he could grab me and my mentor and the other staff nurses immediately grabbed him before he could inflict any physical harm. The staff told me to proceed in giving him the medication. Since, it was an oral medication, it was difficult to administer as he clenched his jaw and tried to bite off my fingers. With some assistance from the staff members I was able to administer the medication. After the incident, he was immediately restrained and strapped to the bed. During the incident, I observed that I physically prepared myself for a possible attack from an aggressive patient, and that based on the quick response of the staff and my mentor, they were also expecting aggression from the patient. They also sensed possible aggression based on the demeanour of the patient before the incident. The assistance which was given to me during the incident was very much welcome because I would not have been able to handle the aggressive patient on my own. The main element I observed in the situation is the period of escalation from a possibly aggressive patient. The study by Beech and Leather (2003) indicate that the escalation of aggression can often be observed from the patient’s demeanour, his failure to cooperate with the staff and then finally his actual physical act of aggression. Dunn and colleagues (2007) discuss that there may be various interventions which could have been done to de-escalate his aggression and prevent the actual act of aggression. Dunn, et.al., (2007) also point out that the act of physically restraining the patient is often commonly used for these aggressive patients. Chem ical restraints could have been administered however, the staff explained that chemical restraints might not interact well with his current medications. Melillo and Houde (2011) discuss the chemical restraints administered alongside psychopharmacological drugs can have adverse interactions and can cause further agitation and confusion. Stewart, et.al., (2009) also discuss that maintaining a therapeutic distance from mental health patients is crucial in the protection of one’

Promotion & Information Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Promotion & Information Systems - Research Paper Example Companies are increasingly going online for their marketing efforts. Kellogg Company is an example of a company who saw their sales increase 17% for the first 9 months of 2008 by moving to use of more online promotions (Laric & Lynagh, 2009). Kellogg stated that online marketing gives better opportunities for targeting, engagement, and dialogue (Laric & Lynagh, 2009). The trend that Kellogg refers to does not seem to be passing anytime soon. Hassens (2002) mentions that the rise of information technology has made the business environment ever more customer oriented. In addition, the combination of global markets with the wide variety of choices consumers now have will mean businesses need to be more customer focused than ever before (Hanseens, 2002). The author goes on to mention that the customer should be considered a strategic asset of the company. Information technology should play a large role for most organizations by tracking and analyzing the behavior and habits of buyers in order to make strategic plans (Haseens, 2002). A closely related idea is that of data mining. Data mining is defined as: â€Å"methods used by companies to sort and analyze information to better understand their customers, products, markets, or any other phase of their businesses for which data has been captured† (Jessup & Valacich, 2008). One company’s marketing switch involving data mining occurred when Merck made a $6 billion acquisition of the pharmacy mail order firm Medco. Since Medco was only generating around $80 million in revenue at the time of the purchase, there were other untapped factors involved. It turned out that there was a vast wealth of relevant information regarding both doctors and patients that could be utilized. The marketing and sales areas were able to custom tailor sales presentations based on a doctor’s past record of writing prescriptions and can even show where upcoming trends are located and then be

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Term Paper

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) - Term Paper Example The Congress noted that the activities of man had profound effects on the environment. These activities include: industrialization, high-density urbanization, resource exploitation and technological novelties. To top it off, there was the issue of population growth. The Congress set to the purpose of restoring and maintaining the environment because it in turn reflected on the prosperity of the human race. The intention was to achieve these goals with the partnership of the state, the private and public sectors and the support of local governments. The required support was to be in the form of financial and technical assistance. The Congress had the intention of preserving a future in which the environment and the human race were in harmony for their future generations, (Pub. L. 91-190, 42 U.S.C. 4321-4347, January 1, 1970). Being motivated by the notion of equal rights of each person to enjoy a healthy environment, the Congress set the Act into motion and outlined the responsibiliti es of the Federal Government. The government was required to use all resources at its disposal to ensure that Federal plans and functions related to environmental conservation processes are improved for the sake of the nation. It was in the 1950s and 1960s that the outcry of the public on matters concerning the state of the environment was heard and acted upon by the Congress. A series of congressional debates ensued soon after and a national environmental policy was the outcome. The policy targeted federal agencies which at the time were the main culprits in environmental pollution.

Reading Response Questions for One.Life ( Preface chapters - Chapter Essay

Reading Response Questions for One.Life ( Preface chapters - Chapter 5) - Essay Example Indeed, McKnight explains that many people have misinterpreted Jesus’ teachings about the kingdom. To many Christians, it only entails going to church and reading the Bible. However, Jesus emphasized that God’s kingdom entails going beyond this and identifying a dream which has been chosen for them by God. Ubuntu is a term associated with African Traditional Religion. It means humanness. In other words, it is a spirit of kindness and togetherness. Actually, Africans were great egalitarians who believed in the kinship system, sharing and egalitarianism. I think it was supported by Jesus because He preached about generosity, love and brotherhood. 5. If you do not already know the Lords Prayer by heart, I recommend you memorize and pray it daily throughout this class on Christian Faith and Life. Write it out here in whatever version of the Bible youve been using in your study. (You can find this prayer that Jesus taught his disciples in Matthew 6: 9-13 or Luke 11: